陶镕：烧制陶器；鼓铸：冶炼金属。比喻给人的思想、性格以有益的影响

好：喜爱；厌：厌倦。爱好学习，从不厌倦

Eager to learn and never tired

非：不是；传：传授。不是适当的人就不传授

Not passed on by humans

指阐明幽隐，抉发精微。

Uncovering the obscure and uncovering the subtle

犹白面书生。指只知读书，阅历少，见识浅的读书人。有时含贬义。亦泛指读书人。

White-faced Confucian hat

路走到一半停下来不再前进。比喻做事有始无终，不能坚持到底。

To give up halfway; to abandon a task before completion.

默：静默。专心致志，默默思考

Meditative contemplation in silence

殚：竭尽。竭尽心力思虑谋划

Exhausting one’s spirit to the utmost thinking

殚：竭尽；虑：思虑。竭尽心力思考谋划

Exhausting the mind and using up all worries

意谓曲子要天天唱，才会熟练精妙。比喻熟能生巧。

Tune stays on the lips

好：喜爱，喜好。喜好古学而勉力追求

Seek harmony eagerly

吟：吟咏，背诵。嘴里不停地吟诵。形容学习非常刻苦

Mouth never stops chanting

既用言语来传授，又用行动来以身作则。指行动起模范作用

Words taught and transmitted through the body

款启：见识狭小。形容学问浅、见闻寡陋

Letter begins with humble words

竭尽精力与心思。

Exhausting energy and extreme deliberation

博：广；审：详尽细密。广泛学习，详细询问

Erudite and questioning meticulously

舍：舍弃。指舍弃农耕去从经商。泛指做事不从根本上着手，而在枝节上用功夫

Neglect the fundamentals to ask about details

宿儒：长期研究儒家经典的人。指年辈大的老师或知识渊博的学者

Experienced scholar and veteran

稽：考核；考：查核。深入地稽考，广泛地查核。形容苦心钻研学问

Deep investigation and extensive study

会：领会，理解；契：投合。互相之间，内心理解并相投合

Divine understanding and heart-sharing