殚：竭尽；思：思考。竭尽心力思虑谋划

Exhausting one’s spirit and thoughts

指终日勤奋谨慎，不敢懈怠。

Industrious in the morning, diligent in the evening

懵：无知的样子。一无所知的样子

Unaware and ignorant

殚：竭尽；思：思考。竭尽心力思虑谋划

Exhausting one’s spirit after thinking

犹白面书生。指只知读书，阅历少，见识浅的读书人。有时含贬义。亦泛指读书人。

White-faced scholar

简：竹简；编：穿竹简的皮条或绳子。指残缺不全的书籍或形容书籍磨损残破

Simplify and compile the remaining

昧旦：天色未亮时；丕显：显扬，光大。天不亮就起床，思考如何光大自己的德业。形容为证勤劳辛苦

At the break of dawn, greatly revealed

班：鲁班，春秋时期鲁国人，著名的木匠；调：耍弄。在鲁班门前舞弄斧子。比喻在行家面前卖弄本领，不自量力

Show off one’s skills before an expert

简练：在学术技艺上下功夫去磨炼；揣摩：反复思考推求。指在学术技艺上悉心探讨，下苦功磨练

Succinctly ponder

指理解得不深，知道得很少。同“一知半解”。

Half-understood knowledge

山隅和海边。泛指荒远的地方。

Remote mountains and distant seas

澄：清澈；寂：安静；虑：思考。专心思索，冷静考虑

Calm thinking and silent deliberation

不以向地位或学识较低的人请教为耻。

Not ashamed of learning from inferiors

八砖：八行砖。指懒惰的人

Eight brick scholars

温习学过的知识，获得新的理解和体会。

To review the old and learn the new; to gain fresh insight by revisiting what has been learned.

羝羊：公羊；絓：绊住。公羊的角被荆棘绊住，进退不得。比喻进退两难

Ram tangled in thorns

指出征的军队胜利返回朝廷。同“班师回朝”。

Return with the army defeated

闻：见识。学问浅薄，见解不高

Superficial hearing and minor knowledge

见多识广，学识博大

knowledgeable;extensive information and learning

殚：竭尽；积：聚；虑：思虑。竭尽心力思考谋划

Exhausting the mind and accumulating worries